Saturday, December 28, 2019

Censorship Of The Beat Generation - 1062 Words

Introduction During the Second World War, it was a trying and solemn period for America so many turned to writing to reflect their situation as a form of comfort. However, there were restrictions on what was read, written, heard and spoke due to the influence of communism. During this period of suppression, there a group of young, intelligent and anti-conformist boys who were studying at Colombia University. Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg are the ‘founders’ of Beat Generation. The group beliefs focused on individuality, lack of censorship and salvation which shifted the lifestyle of Americans in terms of how they perceived the social norms around them. One of their notable achievement was rebelling against censorship.†¦show more content†¦It has many counter aggressions to push indecency standards. However, the indecency standards were later lowered in 2009. As mentioned in diagram 1, censorship reduce from 1971 onwards. It is also evident in diagram 2 that from 1971-1975, there was an increase in journals writing about the social movements in America. There was a tremendous growth from 1986 onwards when there was more people getting involved in it. Hence, it can be said that there have been awareness and challenge of ideas during this period from 1971-2005. Adding on, Figure 1 shows the number of censorship incidents by outcome across the United States in 2012. (Censorship in United States). While, Figure 2 shows the challenges by reasons from the duration from 1990 – 2009. From Figure 1, it can be concluded that the red dots represent contents that have been removed. There is an occurring pattern of red dots appearing, which shows the areas that have restricted information being shared. While, the number of green dots appearing also shows that there is an equal amount of information distributed. However, the blue dots represent unknown data collected. This affects the accuracy of the data collected and it does not present an overview if more information is withheld. Moving to Figure 2, collected by the American Library Association, the higher the number indicates more challenges these contents faced. Those faced with most challenges;Show MoreRelatedPositive And Negative Effects Of Censorship In Society798 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship is the suppression, alteration, or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, music, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security. Censorship is an action that has been perfo rmed for many years on several subjects of the world, and it is still happening today. Although censorship is an action occurred on many subjects, music is one of the biggest censorship problems in today’s world. Music can have both positive and negative effects on a personRead MoreThe Beat Generation Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe Beat Movement in modern literature has become an important period in the history of literature and society in America. Incorporating influences such as jazz, art, literature, philosophy and religion, the beat writers created a new vision of modern life and changed the way a generation of people seen the world. The generation is now aging and its representative voices are becoming lost, but the message is alive and well. The Beats have forever changed the nature of American literature. TheyRead MoreThe Affect of Censorship Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagescensored and could potentially influence them to act in unacceptable manners. Censorship is the act of suppressing unacceptable parts of literature and media. It is very often that censorship is used with literature or media because many people see parts of them that are inappropriate in their perspective. When people see them, they are disgusted and wish they didnt see what they had. Many who are opposed to censorship say that the censoring is a violation of the first amendment of the constitutionRead MoreRock And Roll : Rock Roll1169 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial decade American History†. The assassination of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. shocked the nation. The decade was also going through the process of a great social change; the civil rights movement. â€Å"Members of the first generation who grew up listening to Rock-n-Roll began to assume positions of shaping power in the music industry as writers and producers† (Starr and Waterman, Pg. 238) This brought forth the rise in vocal groups, pop groups, and dance crazes. However, theRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of The Communist Party1530 Words   |  7 Pagesinsignificant post, but gave him the authority as time passed to make all party member appointments. By this point, not even Lenin could take back control (Joseph Stalin Biography). After Lenin s death in 1924, Stalin managed to climb the ladder and beat the competition for control of the party (Stalin). Stalin s policy of isolationism began after World War II, when he was convinced that Ally hostility would lead to invasion of the Soviet Union. In the late 1940s, Stalin established communist regimesRead MoreWar : A Breath Of Change1715 Words   |  7 Pagesold styles and techniques and twisted them a little, thus bringing a new and refreshing view on what was now beginning to become â€Å"old†. Kurt Vonnegut, for example, used his writing to turn terrible events into dark fiction, which â€Å"appealed to a generation grieved by the Holocaust, atomic bombings, and the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy and Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr† (Burke 394). Vonnegut was able to twist horrible events in ways that let people laugh (and ultimatelyRead More‘Discuss Ana Marà ­a Matute’s Use of Childrens’ Perspective to Comment on the Adult World’1375 Words   |  6 Pages prejudice and hypocrisy-a reaction to her own experience of the civil war. The beginning of her literary career emerged in 1940s, in a period when the literary censorship has been a major issue for Spanish writers. Matute was part of a ‘wounded generation’ as she describes the times when the literary censorship was tough ‘Our generation grew without writers to emu late†¦.Dostoevsky was forbidden, as were Balzac and Ana Karenina’ . Ana Marà ­a was born in Barcelona in 1926, the second of five childrenRead More Music Censorship is a Violation of Free Speech Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesexpression and has been for generations. It makes us want to dance, inspires, soothes, relaxes, and sometimes tells us a story. Music is something the whole world shares and has brought together different kinds of people. However, there has been a question on whether some music has affected society negatively and crossed the line with some of its lyrics, content, and the persona of the artists. Certain music has been boycotted and even banned in the U.S. Pro-censorship supporters say that music isRead MoreEssay on Discuss Homosexuality in the Beat Generation2114 Words   |  9 PagesIn the age that coined the word togetherness as a synonym for family values, the Beats, each in his own style mounted the first open, sustained assault in American history on the masculine role as heterosexual spouse, father and grown-up provide r. In the midst of the Cold War crusade against all deviations from the masculine norm, in the era that could almost be said to have invented the idea of classified information, they openly addressed homosexuality, bisexuality, and masturbation in theirRead MoreThe Use of Propaganda in the Gdr During the Cold War2102 Words   |  9 PagesEast German people, in particular the youth to indoctrinate them with socialist ideas and instill in them guidance for leadership roles as the future of the GDR. One fear in East Germany was the impact of Western popular culture on the younger generations who might be corrupted by racy and rebellious American pop culture, â€Å"people in the GDR associated Western capitalism with exploitative, consumer-oriented attitudes toward sex that were outdated and damaging† . Political authorities saw women as

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Red City By Erik Larson - 1714 Words

Social History is a vast term that very closely ties into the concept of history as a whole. The use of social history is necessary when it comes to fully understanding the past. Many nonfiction books and movies carry the essence of social history to give the viewers a deeper perspective of major issues. Social history is the use of personal stories that shed light on dominant issues by building public awareness. The Devil in the White City by Erik Larson uses personal stories to help highlight the major issue of the cruelty of homicide and publicizes it though the Chicago World’s Fair. In 1893, Chicago hosted the World’s Fair during which a man named H.H. Holmes became known as one of America’s first serial killers.The book contains the personal stories of both Holmes and his victims. As a child, he was brilliant and displayed an interest in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, his strengths were never recognized and he was frequently bullied. His plagued childhood could have had an influence on his violent actions in his adulthood. His childhood story was in the book to display his perspective and how a man could become a serial killer. With this perspective, the reader may develop an emotional connection to the story. One may begin to understand the life of Holmes and might realize that there are other sides to the tale. The emotional connection t hat social history provides the reader with can alter the reader’s impression on the issue. Mrs.Show MoreRelatedThe Red City By Erik Larson2041 Words   |  9 Pagess Fair and decided to celebrate themselves. On May 1st, the Columbian Exposition was held in Chicago to celebrate everything that America has held sacred since the beginning of time. In the sinister non-fiction novel The Devil in the White City by Erik Larson, the haunting tale of the events that happened behind the scenes at the 1893 World’s Fair are recounted and used to analyze how society was impacted. The good reviews of this book help highlight the cultural importance of the 1893 World’s FairRead MoreSummary Of Erik Larson s The Devil s The Red Devil And Where Is The White City1176 Words   |  5 Pagesprovides an overview of Erik Larson s 2003 book â€Å"The Devil in the White City†, including a summary, an analysis of the book s structure, and a discussion of the real-life individ uals and events at the heart of the story. !!!Who s the Devil, and Where is the White City? When Leonardo DiCaprio and Martin Scorsese team up to make a big-budget movie based on your book, you know you ve arrived. This doesn t happen to most nonfiction authors, but it s happening to Erik Larson, best known for his 2003Read MoreDenver Airport Communication Plan Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesOverview The Denver International Airport project consists of designing and constructing a new airport, based upon a â€Å"Home-on-the-Range† design. The City of Denver requires a wide open entry point for visitors. The airport is to maintain a distinctive look that will be easily identified by travelers. This design must meet specifications provided by the City of Denver. The new airport should allow for more traffic in and out of the airport, while also becoming less congested. Improvements to runwaysRead MoreInternational Project Management5835 Words   |  24 PagesUS Pickard Chilton. It is projected to cost $10.7 billion (US). *Saudi Arabia has joined the fray with a plan to build a 1 mile (1600m) tower in the Red Sea city of Jeddah, according to the London-based Middle East Economic Digest (MEED). The project, which would overtake super-tall skyscrapers in neighboring Kuwait and Dubai, the city state associated with mega ventures, places the competition to build the worlds tallest tower firmly in the Gulf region *It will be constructed and thatRead MoreInternational Project Management5846 Words   |  24 Pagesthe US Pickard Chilton. It is projected to cost $10.7 billion (US). *Saudi Arabia has joined the fray with a plan to build a 1 mile (1600m) tower in the Red Sea city of Jeddah, according to the London-based Middle East Economic Digest (MEED). The project, which would overtake super-tall skyscrapers in neighboring Kuwait and Dubai, the city state associated with mega ventures, places the competition to build the worlds tallest tower firmly in the Gulf region *It will be constructed and thatRead MoreThailand Highways Management Project Essay6796 Words   |  28 Pagesprocess for Project Manager and Main Subcontractors. In Thailand one year is considering to be the norm of Infrastructure Development Project wasting in this rigid procedure. The process could be shorten if the government would cut the red tape and accelerate the process. The delay is considering to be hidden cost as the Project is funded by the World Bank loan and there is the interest cost and opportunity cost associated with time spent of implementing the delayed projectRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesPlanning Control for Supply Chain Management, Sixth Edition Jacobs and Chase, Operations and Supply Management: The Core, Second Edition Jacobs and Chase Operations and Supply Management, Thirteenth Edition Jacobs and Whybark, Why ERP? First Edition Larson and Gray, Project Management: The Managerial Process, Fifth Edition Leenders, Johnson, Flynn, and Fearon, Purchasing and Supply Management, Thirteenth Edition Nahmias, Production and Operations Analysis, Sixth Edition Olson, Introduction to Information

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Jane Eyre Gothic Essay Example For Students

Jane Eyre Gothic Essay Architecture Vs. Egyptian Architecture The sediment richens the soil year after year by the Nile that floods thevalley and rises twenty to thirty feet high. African villagers expect theseasonal rains; the precipitation determines the crops productivity. The valleycut by this dominating river is also where one of the greatest Neolithiccivilizations grew. The originals were of mixed races but all derived from thewhite races. By 4000 B.C. these egger people started using copper and gold,developing a standard way of living. They made tools to their own needs andbegan building and started to include architectural art full of decorous curvesand lines. The early Egyptians made their homes out of river reeds and rivermud. They produced round homes or rectangular homes with arched rooftops. Primarily the huts were used to keep from the harsh, warm temperatures. Duringthis time period of reed homes adobe bricks were being made which led to acrucial innovation to Egyptian homes and architecture. The art and skill thatwas carved, painted and designed into religious temples and tombs gave laterresearchers of great talent information on Egyptian life. With architecturalstrides religious gods and carvings were beginning a decorative architecturalera. Imhotep was an architect that designed the great pyramid and temple of KingZoser in the third dynasty. He was precise and eloquent with the use of stonethat was not surpassed for centuries. The Egyptians honored many of theirarchitects, who also became court officials, but Imhotep was credited for beingthe first great user of stone towards monumental buildings. The old kingdom wasbuilt of river reeds and mud but later other kingdoms learned from the olddesigns. Later the middle kingdom saw a new light in utilizing stone form andd evelopment of others. Though it wasnt until the new empire where greattemples and large courts. The new empire fell and the idea of a strong,continuous rise in Egyptian architecture had almost ceased. The Nile Riverdetermined the building materials of the Egyptians. As time progressed andarchitecture was beginning to have history, technical skills were developing aswell as architectural skills. One major discovery was slanted roofs wereunnecessary to the hot, humid weather. Falt roofs became the new invention andwere multipurpose for more living space, which became an essential part of thehome design. Egyptians also tried to figure out a way walls could be sturdy andstrong but less heavy and less cracks. But the cracking would never fail so whenthe bricks were laid on concave beds, so when cracks did occur, the wall waseasily fixed. Another form of the brick was used called the vault. Vaults weremost often used in tombs and cover storage rooms but never did this principlebecome a wa y of source. Stone was later introduced, which came late in Egyptianarchitecture. There was more than enough stone, from the Nile cutting its waydown the desert plateau. There was a surplus of stone to be used. They becameexpert quarrying diggers, cutting some of the best pieces of rock. Egyptiansalso developed different techniques of handling stones. With all this stone,labor power and organization was needed. The king steeped forward for thatposition and gave orders to the laborers, whom all were working on one buildingat a time. The workers were treated fairly good with adequate pay. This is howthe pyramids were built and stone architecture was the new generation of adobebrick and river reed huts. Gothic architecture is an example of how theintricate structural and decorative elements in buildings are tied together. .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e , .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .postImageUrl , .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e , .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e:hover , .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e:visited , .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e:active { border:0!important; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e:active , .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4616f76af28459d210dd2c59f263d48e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Assisted Suicide EssayLike the Egyptians Gothic architecture uses the vault idea but is betterunderstood. Early experiments failed and were left to explore other options butgothic architecture explains the answers. The question of different width varieddifferent heights; so gothic architecture uses the pointed arch, and varying thesteepness to gain the correct connections. Gothic architecture was more of asolution of building problems. It also was an expression of modern Europe. Theeconomy way stable, trade and business was steady and cities were expanding andflourishing. The Gothic era was an introduction to new houses and newborn towns. Thus people were being more intelligent, intelligent about decisions just likethe Egyptians. The physical changes influenced people with a metal guidance. Theprosperity of physical changes increased the standard way of living andorganization. The trade market area now was where the town hall was built. Therevolutionary architecture helped the religious ideas of Egyptians and for theGothic architecture it meant a beginning of commerce. The Gothic architectsbuilt off the typical square buildings to the enhanced octagon shape. They stillincluded the vault but not as just an over the entrance sloop, they used it soit touches the fool of the building. Aside from flat roofs like the Egyptianscathedral ceilings were the hallmark of most Gothic architects. Thus, the greatworks of architects came out through wealthy, richen homes. Gothic architecturewas more of a revolutionary aspect in architecture where as EgyptianArchitecture was a way of life. Gothic architecture was more of a revolutiona spect in architecture where as Egyptian architecture was a way of life. Architecture

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Marketing for Managers University of Queensland

Question: Discuss about the Marketing for Managers University of Queensland. Answer: Background UQ was established in the year 1909 and since then they have strived to provide quality education to the students. University of Queensland (UQ) is the Oldest University of Queensland. It is perceived to be one of the premier educational University in Australia. They have always focused towards the development and building of the career of the folks taking admission into the University. UQ is one of the founding members of the Go8 (Group of 8), a partnership of 8 recognized universities to undergo deep research activities for the betterment of the educational quality. UQ offers variety of programs ranging from Science, Arts to Agriculture etc. UQ does not have much competition in the current scenario. However, there are many other Universities like University of Melbourne, Sydney University which tend to pose the competition in major cities like Sydney, Melbourne etc. In order to increase its popularity internationally as well as nationally and to improve the strength, the UQ have always tried to streamline their strategies, Management agendas have always been focused more, core competencies have been revisited and many more steps have been taken (Arambewela, 2013). In the following sections, we will analyze the same by conduction marketing and competitor environment analysis to find out the current scenario in and around UQ. Market Summary and Demand Assessment In the rankings provided by the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for all the world Universities, the Unversity of Queesnland (UQ) has been ranked in the top 50. It is a major achievement of the University. The UQ is also ranked in the Top 50s as per the rankings announced by renowned ranking providers like QS World University Rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings etc. The University has received lot of appraise for its global research positioning along with the election of several new Fellows in the year 2016. The University have esteemed staffs and fellows who have been elected in several honourary fields one of which is getting the election as the Fellows of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA). More than 150 staffs of UN and the professors are the members of major Australian Learned Academics some of which are notably ATSE, ASSA, AAS etc. The Demand to get into this University is very high and students dream to be a part of the Univer sity. The University is growing at an exponential pace and has set one of best vision and missions as part of their process to achieve the goals. Segmentation and Target Market The Segmentation of the Market in case of Education Universities can be done based on the demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral types of segmentation. The UQ have carefully analyzed all the segmentation strategies before growing to the mammoth university it is now. They have carried out full-fledged in depth analysis of the markets to be targeted and the way it should be targeted (Fry, 2014). The Demographic segmentation analysis have showed that the UQ should focus more on the student age group starting from lower education till Masters. They should group the various education groups and then focus on marketing the various courses available for those groups intensely. This will help the UQ to gain even more market share in terms of students taking admission in the university. The Segmentation based on behavior, psychographic and geographic are equally important and helps in understanding the areas in which the marketing needs to be done and the ways in which people c an be convinced regarding the new courses being offered by the University. After the segmentation is done, the target market will be selected from the list of potential markets where the presence of the University can be broadened (Hollensen, 2015). Current Marketing Mix Analysis The Marketing Mix comprises of Product, Place, Price and Promotion. The UQ offers various courses as detailed in above sections. The University has been offering its courses in various areas within Australia at various price points. There are various ways in which the University is marketing the products i.e., courses which are being offered by them. The current Marketing Mix of the University is robust. PEST Analysis The PEST analysis includes Political, Economic, Social and Technological Analysis. The political analysis of UQ shows that the university has been facing issues sometimes in the way they conduct some educational drives. However, mostly it is being encouraged by everyone. The Economic front tells us that the UQ has been generating good revenues since its inception and has been helping in the development of the country (Pappu, 2017). From social perspective, the UQ is very much active and the network of UQ is expanded to all the other Universities in the country as well as with International Universities. The UQ has always focused on the use of latest technology so that the students and the staff can perform their task productively in lesser time. Competitor Analysis The University did not faced any competition in its initial stages when it was established in 1909. However, in the current day situation, there are lot of other universities which provide competition to UQ. Some established universities like Sydney University, University of Melbourne etc. have also many institutes under University in various places in Australia. They tend to give tough competition to the UQ. The competitors however are unable to give tough competition since the university is very old and has positioned itself in a good manner (Mithas, 2013). The University has always focused towards its core competency. The organization which focuses on its core competency always achieves success. SWOT Analysis The Strength of the University is the way it handles the issues that it faces during the implementation of the policies for the betterment of the students. The University tries to bring in new courses so that the students are benefitted with it. It also tries to remain updated with latest technologies. The Weakness of the University are its students and staff. It always take decision in favour of the student and staff. It is good that it gives priority to its people however, in certain situations it has achieved bad name because of the students but it did not bothered about it (Pappu, 2016). There are many more courses which are emerging and can present opportunities to the University to increase the number of students. The University will always try to utilize this opportunity so as to increase the number of students who have taken admissions in their institutes. The upcoming new Universities as well as the well-established Universities like Sydney University, Melbourne University etc. poses a threat for UQ. They need to take proper steps so that they can cope up with the emerging threats and can steer their way towards success. Value and Brand Positioning The UQ have already positioned itself as one of the premier University in Australia. Since its a very old University, people know about its popularity and try to get their kids into the Institutes under UQ. The UQ has become a Brand because of the values it provides to the people and students who study in the University. The University had undergone the Value Chain analysis some years back and on the back of that it had done certain changes (West, 2015). These changes will always help the University and its brand name. The Positioning of the University is done as one of the premier University in Australia. They have always focused towards the development and building of the career of the folks taking admission into the University. UQ is one of the founding members of the Go8 (Group of 8), a partnership of 8 recognized universities to undergo deep research activities for the betterment of the educational quality (Wilden, 2013). Thus, we can see that the Brand Positioning is set for UQ . Conclusion In the above sections, we have seen about various analysis done to find out the current position of the University in terms of marketing strategies. The report focused on the Background of the CQ University, its Market Summary, Marketing Mix, Segmentation and Targeting, Competitor Analysis, Brand Positioning etc. in detail (Wu, 2014). All these analysis helped in the understanding of current position of the University and the steps it might have to take to improve further. References Arambewela, R., Hall, J. (2013). The interactional effects of the internal and external university environment, and the influence of personal values, on satisfaction among international postgraduate students. Studies in higher education, 38(7), 972-988. Baker, M. J. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Fry, M. L., Drennan, J., Previte, J., White, A., Tjondronegoro, D. (2014). The role of desire in understanding intentions to drink responsibly: an application of the Model of Goal-Directed Behaviour. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(5-6), 551-570. Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Mithas, S., Tafti, A., Mitchell, W. (2013). How a Firm's Competitive Environment and Digital Strategic Posture Influence Digital Business Strategy. Mis Quarterly, 37(2), 511-536. Pappu, R., Quester, P. (2017). A commentary on conceptualising and measuring Consumer-Based BrandRetailerChannel Equity. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. Pappu, R., Quester, P. (2016). Brand Innovativeness Effects on Perceived Quality, Satisfaction and Loyalty. In Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing (pp. 763-763). Springer International Publishing. Russell-Bennett, R., Wood, M., Previte, J. (2016). A services approach to social marketing. In Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing (pp. 330-330). Springer International Publishing. West, D., Ford, J., Ibrahim, E. (2015). Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Wilden, R., Gudergan, S. P., Nielsen, B. B., Lings, I. (2013). Dynamic capabilities and performance: strategy, structure and environment. Long Range Planning, 46(1), 72-96. Wu, J. (2014). Cooperation with competitors and product innovation: Moderating effects of technological capability and alliances with universities. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 199-209. Zenker, S., Eggers, F., Farsky, M. (2013). Putting a price tag on cities: Insights into the competitive environment of places. Cities, 30, 133-139.